S1E4
Tragic
Written by Peter Straughan
View Graph

Wolf Hall Episode 4

As Henry VIII grapples with the aftermath of Anne Boleyn's pregnancy and the birth of Princess Elizabeth, Thomas Cromwell navigates treacherous political waters, quelling conspiracies and manipulating alliances to secure the Tudor dynasty's future.

In the autumn of 1533, King Henry VIII reels from the birth of his daughter Elizabeth, his disappointment palpable as noblemen, including the Boleyns, note his lack of concern for Queen Anne’s well-being. Anne, however, remains focused on solidifying her position and securing her daughter’s future, demanding that Mary, Henry's daughter from his previous marriage, be reduced to a servant in Elizabeth's household, and seeking a marriage contract with a French prince for her daughter. She also cautions Cromwell against alliances with the Emperor, suspecting his loyalty due to his friendly relationship with Chapuys.

Cromwell, disturbed by Anne's demands and suspicions, encounters Jane Seymour, sparking a conversation initiated by Jane Rochford who suggests Cromwell could easily purchase Jane for his own purposes, given the Seymour family's financial straits. Rochford hints at Anne’s continued dalliances and inability to provide Henry with a male heir driving a wedge between the Queen and the King.

Cromwell, wary of the many enemies of Anne warns Rafe that many are waiting for her to fail in providing an heir. He then brings in Elizabeth Barton, the Holy Maid, a prophetess who declared the King would not reign one month after marrying Anne. Barton stands trial, and vehemently refuses to recant her statements about the King and Queen, predicting a plague and death for all in power, She even claims to have seen Wolsey's soul in purgatory, a slight to Cromwell which only increases his resolve to put an end to her nonsense.

Cromwell interviews Bishop Fisher, Lady Exeter, and Margaret Pole, all of whom have lent credence to Elizabeth Barton's prophecies. He discovers their involvement and uses the information to exert control over them, manipulating their fears and loyalties to protect the King. Cromwell advises them to beg for the King’s forgiveness, making them indebted to him.

Henry, influenced by Cromwell, decides to pardon Lady Exeter but remains wary of the Poles. The Duke of Norfolk voices his displeasure with Anne's influence and her circle of male companions, sowing seeds of doubt about her conduct. Cromwell juggles courtly duties and offers refuge to Helen Barre, a woman abandoned by her husband, employing her in his household.

As Parliament prepares to vote on the Bill of Succession, recognizing Anne as Henry’s lawful wife and their children as rightful heirs, Thomas More refuses to take an oath, an act of defiance that lands him in the Tower of London. Anne, still insecure, demands that More be added to the list of the guilty alongside Elizabeth Barton, despite Cromwell's strong reservations and knowledge of More's innocence. Cromwell appeals to Norfolk and Cranmer to persuade the King to spare More, leading to a temporary stay of execution but Henry insists on the oath nevertheless. But when the Pope Clement falls ill, Henry believes he will finally get what he wants.

The episode reaches a turning point when Anne Boleyn suffers a miscarriage. The court is shocked, and the loss exacerbates tensions. Amidst the personal and political upheaval, Cromwell is haunted by memories of his past relationship with Thomas More, a past friend now turned resolute enemy. His internal conflict intensifies as he grapples with the implications of More’s impending trial and his own role in it.

More's trial commences, and despite Cromwell's efforts, he is found guilty. Ultimately, Cromwell is forced to confront his own moral boundaries as he navigates Henry and Anne's ruthless demands and prepares for what comes next.


Events in This Episode

The narrative beats that drive the story

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Act 1

The episode opens with King Henry VIII's profound disappointment over the birth of Princess Elizabeth, signaling Anne Boleyn's precarious position. Anne, undeterred, asserts her power by demanding that Princess Mary be reduced to a servant and that Cromwell secure a French marriage alliance for Elizabeth, while also expressing suspicion of Cromwell's loyalties due to his association with Chapuys. Jane Rochford, observing Anne's continued dalliances and inability to produce a male heir, plants seeds of doubt about the Queen's conduct in Cromwell's mind. Cromwell, aware of the many enemies Anne has, begins to investigate Elizabeth Barton, the "Holy Maid," whose prophecies challenge Henry's legitimacy and predict death for the King and Queen. He skillfully interviews Barton's influential supporters—Bishop Fisher, Lady Exeter, and Margaret Pole—manipulating their fears and loyalties to secure their submission and pardon from the King, thus placing them in his debt. Concurrently, Cromwell drafts the Bill of Succession, which recognizes Anne as Henry's lawful wife and their children as rightful heirs, requiring an oath of allegiance. Thomas More, however, steadfastly refuses to take this oath, setting him on a collision course with the Crown. Anne, feeling increasingly insecure, demands that More be added to the list of the guilty alongside Elizabeth Barton, despite Cromwell's strong reservations and knowledge of More's innocence, forcing Cromwell into a difficult moral dilemma.

Act 2

Following Anne's demand, Cromwell attempts to persuade the Duke of Norfolk and Archbishop Cranmer to intercede with Henry to spare More, securing a temporary reprieve, though Henry insists More will still take the oath. Henry, buoyed by news of Pope Clement's illness, believes his path is clearing and announces Anne's new pregnancy with great joy, embracing Cromwell. However, this hope is tragically shattered when Anne suffers a devastating miscarriage, plunging the court into shock and exacerbating the existing tensions. This loss is a critical turning point, severely weakening Anne's position and intensifying the pressure on Cromwell to deliver a male heir or eliminate threats. Amidst this personal and political upheaval, Cromwell is haunted by memories of his past friendship with Thomas More, grappling with the moral implications of More's impending trial and his own role in it. More's trial commences, with Cromwell strategically selecting a jury of Londoners who remember More's harsh persecution of heretics. Despite More's eloquent defense and initial successes, Richard Riche, under Cromwell's guidance, fabricates testimony that directly implicates More in treason by denying Parliament's spiritual jurisdiction. The jury, swayed by this and More's own patronizing tone, finds him guilty. Anne, still consumed by grief and insecurity, continues to demand the deaths of Fisher and More, reinforcing Henry's ruthless resolve. Henry, in a chilling confrontation, reminds Cromwell of his role as a "serpent" and demands the execution of his will, leaving Cromwell to confront the profound moral compromises required to serve the King.

Act 3

In the immediate aftermath of More's conviction and Henry's demands, Cromwell is overcome by a severe fever, experiencing vivid hallucinations of his deceased wife, Liz, and grappling with the heavy toll of his political machinations. He recovers, visited by Norfolk, who brings a papal medal, and then by Henry, who expresses concern and praises Cromwell's household, highlighting his growing dependence on his chief minister. Henry's visit also serves to underscore his approval of Cromwell's family and his continued search for loyalty. Cromwell, observing Rafe's growing affection for Helen Barre, a woman he recently took into his household, subtly encourages their relationship, reflecting a softer, more personal side. He also begins to scrutinize his own portrait by Holbein, disturbed by Mark Smeaton's comment that he looks like a "murderer," a reflection of his internal conflict. A significant shift occurs as Cromwell, seemingly on a whim, adds Wolf Hall, the Seymour family estate, to the King's summer progress itinerary. The royal party arrives at Wolf Hall, where Henry's attention is drawn to Jane Seymour. Cromwell observes the subtle interactions between Henry and Jane, particularly a quiet, earnest conversation in the early morning where Henry takes her hand. Cromwell, witnessing this, quietly withdraws, recognizing the profound implications of this new connection. The episode concludes with the King's hat, lost and hanging from a tree branch, a potent symbol of Henry's shifting affections and the new, uncertain future unfolding for the court and for Cromwell.